安卓-网络知识

安卓 android.net.Uri 类使用

Uri.Builder
Helper class for building or manipulating URI references.

 Uri builtUri = Uri.parse(FORECAST_BASE_URL).buildUpon()
                        .appendQueryParameter(QUERY_PARAM, params[0])
                        .appendQueryParameter(FORMAT_PARAM, format)
                        .appendQueryParameter(UNITS_PARAM, units)
                        .appendQueryParameter(DAYS_PARAM, Integer.toString(numDays))
                        .appendQueryParameter(APPID_PARAM, BuildConfig.OPEN_WEATHER_MAP_API_KEY)
                        .build();
URL url = new URL(builtUri.toString());

连接到网络

http://developer.android.youdaxue.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.html#security

In order to perform network operations in your application, your manifest must include the following permissions:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements DownloadCallback {

    ...

    // Keep a reference to the NetworkFragment, which owns the AsyncTask object
    // that is used to execute network ops.
    private NetworkFragment mNetworkFragment;

    // Boolean telling us whether a download is in progress, so we don't trigger overlapping
    // downloads with consecutive button clicks.
    private boolean mDownloading = false;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ...
        mNetworkFragment = NetworkFragment.getInstance(getSupportFragmentManager(), "https://www.google.com");
    }

    private void startDownload() {
        if (!mDownloading && mNetworkFragment != null) {
            // Execute the async download.
            mNetworkFragment.startDownload();
            mDownloading = true;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Implementation of headless Fragment that runs an AsyncTask to fetch data from the network.
 */
public class NetworkFragment extends Fragment {
    public static final String TAG = "NetworkFragment";

    private static final String URL_KEY = "UrlKey";

    private DownloadCallback mCallback;
    private DownloadTask mDownloadTask;
    private String mUrlString;

    /**
     * Static initializer for NetworkFragment that sets the URL of the host it will be downloading
     * from.
     */
    public static NetworkFragment getInstance(FragmentManager fragmentManager, String url) {
        NetworkFragment networkFragment = new NetworkFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(URL_KEY, url);
        networkFragment.setArguments(args);
        fragmentManager.beginTransaction().add(networkFragment, TAG).commit();
        return networkFragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mUrlString = getArguments().getString(URL_KEY);
        ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        // Host Activity will handle callbacks from task.
        mCallback = (DownloadCallback) context;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        // Clear reference to host Activity to avoid memory leak.
        mCallback = null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        // Cancel task when Fragment is destroyed.
        cancelDownload();
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    /**
     * Start non-blocking execution of DownloadTask.
     */
    public void startDownload() {
        cancelDownload();
        mDownloadTask = new DownloadTask();
        mDownloadTask.execute(mUrlString);
    }

    /**
     * Cancel (and interrupt if necessary) any ongoing DownloadTask execution.
     */
    public void cancelDownload() {
        if (mDownloadTask != null) {
            mDownloadTask.cancel(true);
        }
    }
    ...

/**
 * Implementation of AsyncTask designed to fetch data from the network.
 */
private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, DownloadTask.Result> {

    private DownloadCallback<String> mCallback;

    DownloadTask(DownloadCallback<String> callback) {
        setCallback(callback);
    }

    void setCallback(DownloadCallback<String> callback) {
        mCallback = callback;
    }

     /**
     * Wrapper class that serves as a union of a result value and an exception. When the download
     * task has completed, either the result value or exception can be a non-null value.
     * This allows you to pass exceptions to the UI thread that were thrown during doInBackground().
     */
    static class Result {
        public String mResultValue;
        public Exception mException;
        public Result(String resultValue) {
            mResultValue = resultValue;
        }
        public Result(Exception exception) {
            mException = exception;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Cancel background network operation if we do not have network connectivity.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        if (mCallback != null) {
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = mCallback.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if (networkInfo == null || !networkInfo.isConnected() ||
                    (networkInfo.getType() != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
                            && networkInfo.getType() != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE)) {
                // If no connectivity, cancel task and update Callback with null data.
                mCallback.updateFromDownload(null);
                cancel(true);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Defines work to perform on the background thread.
     */
    @Override
    protected DownloadTask.Result doInBackground(String... urls) {
        Result result = null;
        if (!isCancelled() && urls != null && urls.length > 0) {
            String urlString = urls[0];
            try {
                URL url = new URL(urlString);
                String resultString = downloadUrl(url);
                if (resultString != null) {
                    result = new Result(resultString);
                } else {
                    throw new IOException("No response received.");
                }
            } catch(Exception e) {
                result = new Result(e);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Updates the DownloadCallback with the result.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
        if (result != null && mCallback != null) {
            if (result.mException != null) {
                mCallback.updateFromDownload(result.mException.getMessage());
            } else if (result.mResultValue != null) {
                mCallback.updateFromDownload(result.mResultValue);
            }
            mCallback.finishDownloading();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Override to add special behavior for cancelled AsyncTask.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
    }
}

public interface DownloadCallback<T> {
    interface Progress {
        int ERROR = -1;
        int CONNECT_SUCCESS = 0;
        int GET_INPUT_STREAM_SUCCESS = 1;
        int PROCESS_INPUT_STREAM_IN_PROGRESS = 2;
        int PROCESS_INPUT_STREAM_SUCCESS = 3;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates that the callback handler needs to update its appearance or information based on
     * the result of the task. Expected to be called from the main thread.
     */
    void updateFromDownload(T result);

    /**
     * Get the device's active network status in the form of a NetworkInfo object.
     */
    NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();

    /**
     * Indicate to callback handler any progress update.
     * @param progressCode must be one of the constants defined in DownloadCallback.Progress.
     * @param percentComplete must be 0-100.
     */
    void onProgressUpdate(int progressCode, int percentComplete);

    /**
     * Indicates that the download operation has finished. This method is called even if the
     * download hasn't completed successfully.
     */
    void finishDownloading();
}